{"id":2466,"date":"2020-01-15T12:13:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-15T11:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/?page_id=2466"},"modified":"2025-11-10T10:08:28","modified_gmt":"2025-11-10T09:08:28","slug":"aerial-robotics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/index.php\/research\/aerial-robotics\/","title":{"rendered":"Aerial Robotics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><section class=\"kc-elm kc-css-40334 kc_row\"><div class=\"kc-row-container  kc-container\"><div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-514588 kc_col-sm-4 kc_column kc_col-sm-4\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-37120\" style=\"height: 20px; clear: both; width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-292593 kc_text_block\"><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-style: inherit;\">The video on the right gives a brief overview of all the aerial robotics research topics that are currently tackled by our research group.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-489210 divider_line\">\n\t<div class=\"divider_inner divider_line1\">\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-18455 kc_text_block\"><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-style: inherit;\">Below, you can find a more detailed description of our research on aerial robotics, which ranges from the study of basic control problems to advanced sensor processing and human factors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-923846 divider_line\">\n\t<div class=\"divider_inner divider_line1\">\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-639829 kc_text_block\"><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-style: inherit;\">Other research groups are also performing research into the more general topic of aviation. An overview of all the aviation research for the whole of RMA <a href=\"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/pub\/2020\/Aviation%20research%20at%20RMA%20-%20Q2%202020.pdf\">can be found here<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\n<\/div><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-624759\" style=\"height: 20px; clear: both; width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-914240 kc_col-sm-8 kc_column kc_col-sm-8\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-973981\" style=\"height: 20px; clear: both; width:100%;\"><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-357757 kc_shortcode kc_video_play kc_video_wrapper\" data-video=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/kijZs1UuB4w\" data-width=\"800\" data-height=\"451.97740112994\" data-fullwidth=\"\" data-autoplay=\"yes\" data-loop=\"yes\" data-control=\"yes\" data-related=\"\" data-showinfo=\"\" data-kc-video-mute=\"\">\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-499105\" style=\"height: 20px; clear: both; width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"kc-elm kc-css-803900 kc_row\"><div class=\"kc-row-container  kc-container\"><div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-214839 kc_col-sm-4 kc_column kc_col-sm-4\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-882639\" style=\"height: 55px; clear: both; width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-392714 kc_shortcode kc_single_image\">\n\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Human-Factors-for-Drone-Operations.jpg\" class=\"\" alt=\"\" \/>    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-354293 kc_col-sm-8 kc_column kc_col-sm-8\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\">\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-713636 kc-title-wrap \">\n\n\t<h5 class=\"kc_title\">Human factors & human performance modelling for reducing the number of UAS incidents<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-969546 kc_text_block\"><\/p>\n<p>As more and more Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) come into operations, the risk of incidents also increases. Therefore, RMA performs research to support the UAS operators by developing a strategy to incorporate human factors in the evaluation of UAS and UAS operators. A qualitative and quantitative benchmarking tool based on standardized test methodologies <a href=\"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/index.php\/projects\/alphonse\/\">is under development<\/a>, integrated into a realistic simulation environment. This will enable:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>on-the-job pilot training in a safe simulation environment with qualitative and quantitative assessment of the pilot skills, which will support the training of UAS pilots<\/li>\n<li>a simulation tool for the quick risk assessment for the certification of novel UAS systems, providing support to Airworthiness Agencies<\/li>\n<li>a simulation tool for commanders in the field to practice for certain risky operations before deploying the real UAS, thereby minimizing risks and operational losses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"kc-elm kc-css-500146 kc_row\"><div class=\"kc-row-container  kc-container\"><div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-607472 kc_col-sm-12 kc_column kc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-175520\" style=\"height: 20px; clear: both; width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"kc-elm kc-css-937562 kc_row\"><div class=\"kc-row-container  kc-container\"><div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-852079 kc_col-sm-4 kc_column kc_col-sm-4\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-277787\" style=\"height: 55px; clear: both; width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-580251 kc_shortcode kc_single_image\">\n\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/mapping.png\" class=\"\" alt=\"\" \/>    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-806512 kc_col-sm-8 kc_column kc_col-sm-8\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\">\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-846673 kc-title-wrap \">\n\n\t<h5 class=\"kc_title\">Fast 3D mapping tools, combining data from aerial and ground-based assets <\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-950208 kc_text_block\"><\/p>\n<p>As more and more robotic tools get deployed, the key issue becomes how to obtain a common understanding of the environment by using heterogeneous robots.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, RMA studies the combination of multiple heterogeneous 3D datasets acquired by different multi-robot sensor systems operating in various large unstructured outdoor environments. This problem is very complex, especially when the system deals with a-priori unknown large-scale outdoor environments, facing problems of displacement, orientation and scale difference between the 3D data sets.<\/p>\n<p>In order to overcome the limitations of dealing with 3D data sets coming from different sensor systems (lasers, cameras) and different perspectives of the environment (ground \u00a0and air), <a href=\"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/index.php\/projects\/nrtp\/\">we develop a semi-automated and robust 3D registration process<\/a>, that allows us to consistently align two or more heterogeneous point clouds.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"kc-elm kc-css-521413 kc_row\"><div class=\"kc-row-container  kc-container\"><div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-660575 kc_col-sm-12 kc_column kc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-420928\" style=\"height: 20px; clear: both; width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"kc-elm kc-css-516115 kc_row\"><div class=\"kc-row-container  kc-container\"><div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-829546 kc_col-sm-4 kc_column kc_col-sm-4\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-956983\" style=\"height: 55px; clear: both; width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-319592 kc_shortcode kc_single_image\">\n\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/bosnia.jpg\" class=\"\" alt=\"\" \/>    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-978569 kc_col-sm-8 kc_column kc_col-sm-8\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\">\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-881372 kc-title-wrap \">\n\n\t<h5 class=\"kc_title\">Unmanned Aircraft Systems and data processing tools for supporting Mine Action<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-861303 kc_text_block\"><\/p>\n<p>During humanitarian demining actions, operational deployment of small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), equipped with different sensors or multi-sensor-heads can enhance the detection process by allowing more precise scanning.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-style: inherit;\">In the framework of the EU-FP7 project <a href=\"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/index.php\/projects\/tiramisu\/\">TIRAMISU<\/a>, RMA equipped UAS with GPS, high-resolution RGB sensors and near-infrared (NiR) sensors. and developed data processing methods that allow spatial assessment of new hazardous risks caused by shifting of mines and unexploded ordnance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-style: inherit;\">The UAS tools developed by RMA were successfully deployed in Bosnia by the Bosnian Mine Action Centre and B-FAST during massive floods in spring 2014. After this mission, RMA trained local demining operators to work with the UAS and integrate these tools into their standard operating procedures. As a result of this successful transfer of technology from research to end users, a fleet of UAS is now in use by the local demining teams.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"kc-elm kc-css-592290 kc_row\"><div class=\"kc-row-container  kc-container\"><div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-726504 kc_col-sm-12 kc_column kc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-72927\" style=\"height: 20px; clear: both; width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"kc-elm kc-css-288384 kc_row\"><div class=\"kc-row-container  kc-container\"><div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-694876 kc_col-sm-4 kc_column kc_col-sm-4\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-708286\" style=\"height: 55px; clear: both; width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-11678 kc_shortcode kc_single_image\">\n\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/two_drones.jpg\" class=\"\" alt=\"\" \/>    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-260273 kc_col-sm-8 kc_column kc_col-sm-8\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\">\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-234843 kc-title-wrap \">\n\n\t<h5 class=\"kc_title\">Unmanned Aircraft Systems tools for supporting heterogeneous search and rescue operations<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-188843 kc_text_block\"><\/p>\n<p>Within the framework of the <a href=\"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/index.php\/projects\/icarus\/\">ICARUS<\/a> project, a set of robotic tools were developed to increase the situational awareness of human crisis managers.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The research of RMA focuses on ensuring the interoperability between the very different (heterogeneous) aerial robotics tools and focuses on the following reseach questions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What are the most optimal strategies for collaboration?<\/li>\n<li>How can multi-agent systems share their data most efficiently?<\/li>\n<li>How can unmanned aircraft systems and humans on the field collaborate most effectively?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"kc-elm kc-css-81652 kc_row\"><div class=\"kc-row-container  kc-container\"><div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-563078 kc_col-sm-12 kc_column kc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-122582\" style=\"height: 20px; clear: both; width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"kc-elm kc-css-422838 kc_row\"><div class=\"kc-row-container  kc-container\"><div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-548576 kc_col-sm-4 kc_column kc_col-sm-4\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-474792\" style=\"height: 55px; clear: both; width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-554020 kc_shortcode kc_single_image\">\n\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/requirements_engineering.png\" class=\"\" alt=\"\" \/>    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-221222 kc_col-sm-8 kc_column kc_col-sm-8\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\">\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-879199 kc-title-wrap \">\n\n\t<h5 class=\"kc_title\">Requirements engineering in aviation & the operational validation of these requirements in \u201ctough\u201d environments <\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-969705 kc_text_block\"><\/p>\n<p>One of the problems in the development of Unmanned Aircraft Systems is the lack of adequate test and validation mechanisms to benchmark the performance of the end products. Indeed, it is very hard to quantify this performance in a rigorous scientific manner due to the fact that many variables are out of control in an outdoor environment, e.g. the weather conditions. Moreover, a scientific evaluation requires that multiple trials must be held to validate the statistical significance of the quantitative results. Existing validation methodologies can be generally categorized into two approaches: highly standardized test methodologies, and more open-ended competitions, each with their advantages and disadvantages.<\/p>\n<p>At RMA, research is performed on seeking an optimal compromise between the traditional rigorous standardized approaches and the open-ended competitions.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"kc-elm kc-css-783906 kc_row\"><div class=\"kc-row-container  kc-container\"><div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-526914 kc_col-sm-12 kc_column kc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-573042\" style=\"height: 20px; clear: both; width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"kc-elm kc-css-382094 kc_row\"><div class=\"kc-row-container  kc-container\"><div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-532125 kc_col-sm-4 kc_column kc_col-sm-4\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-248930\" style=\"height: 55px; clear: both; width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-320639 kc_shortcode kc_single_image\">\n\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/human-detection.jpg\" class=\"\" alt=\"\" \/>    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-41065 kc_col-sm-8 kc_column kc_col-sm-8\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\">\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-135125 kc-title-wrap \">\n\n\t<h5 class=\"kc_title\">Abnormal event detection using Unmanned Aircraft Systems<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-408199 kc_text_block\"><\/p>\n<p>Modern Unmanned Aircraft Systems are able to send, in real time, aerial images captured by the visual sensors on board. However, the flow of information transmitted is huge, causing problems of analysis and storage, while the majority of the transmitted and processed data is inadequate or redundant.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, RMA works on the development of algorithms that make the UAS intelligent enough to distinguish between unimportant and important data. The main idea is to select then\/before to send only pertinent information that does require human attention to the ground control station.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>As a practical use case, we focus on border security and the detection of the traversal of humans as anomalous events.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"kc-elm kc-css-483297 kc_row\"><div class=\"kc-row-container  kc-container\"><div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-723196 kc_col-sm-12 kc_column kc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-626002\" style=\"height: 20px; clear: both; width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"kc-elm kc-css-581995 kc_row\"><div class=\"kc-row-container  kc-container\"><div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-714825 kc_col-sm-4 kc_column kc_col-sm-4\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-476717\" style=\"height: 55px; clear: both; width:100%;\"><\/div><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-329107 kc_shortcode kc_single_image\">\n\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/in-flight-launch.jpg\" class=\"\" alt=\"\" \/>    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-226765 kc_col-sm-8 kc_column kc_col-sm-8\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\">\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-484216 kc-title-wrap \">\n\n\t<h5 class=\"kc_title\">Autonomous Unmanned Aircraft System control and navigation<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-225335 kc_text_block\"><\/p>\n<p>While autonomy has been perceived for a long time as the Holy Grail in robotics, RMA is focusing its research in niche aspects of autonomous UAS control and navigation:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Autonomous control for tough environments, e.g. automating the take-off and landing operation of UAS on vessels, like in the <a href=\"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/index.php\/projects\/marland\/\">MarLand project<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Human-robot close interaction, by AI tools supporting the human operator to achieve a high level of manned-unmanned teaming, like in the <a href=\"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/index.php\/projects\/hadron\/\">HADRON project<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Autonomous control: In-flight launch of Unmanned Aircraft Systems, where we study the control problem of launching a child-UAS from a mother-UAS.<\/li>\n<li>Autonomous indoor navigation: Autonomous staircase navigation, where we develop a semi-autonomous navigation system for a quadcopter, permitting the UAS to detect a staircase, model it in 3D and use this automatically reconstructed model to guide the UAS to the top of the staircase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"kc-elm kc-css-997649 kc_row\"><div class=\"kc-row-container  kc-container\"><div class=\"kc-wrap-columns\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-139077 kc_col-sm-12 kc_column kc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"kc-col-container\"><div class=\"kc-elm kc-css-622916\" style=\"height: 20px; clear: both; width:100%;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2712,"parent":275,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2466","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2466"}],"version-history":[{"count":130,"href":"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2466\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5378,"href":"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2466\/revisions\/5378"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/275"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2712"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecatron.rma.ac.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}